Organic waste materials processed by organic fertilizer equipment are primarily corrosive substances. Therefore, enclosed transport vehicles must be used during collection and transportation. These organic wastes tend to emit foul odors easily, which not only pollutes the environment but also poses significant health hazards to humans. Consequently, it is crucial to collect and utilize these wastes promptly.
Although auxiliary materials such as rice husks and sawdust do not generate odors, they produce dust during the unloading process. Furthermore, dust and water vapor are generated during the crushing of rice husks, when transferring husks to storage silos, around the crusher area, and during the handling of the crushed material.
When shredding pruned branches, the use of shear-type crushers generates minimal dust. However, if high-speed rotary crushing combined with pneumatic conveying is used, a significant amount of dust and noise will be produced. In mixing equipment, odors and dust are emitted when feeding various raw materials into the mixer, particularly during the discharge of compost return material with low moisture content and mixed raw materials.
During the fermentation process of organic fertilizer production, the decomposition of organic matter generates odors consisting mainly of ammonia gas. Odors and dust are released throughout various stages: feeding raw materials into the primary fermentation facility, discharging compost from it, and during repeated operations in the secondary fermentation tanks. As organic matter decomposes, the temperature of the raw materials rises, producing large amounts of water vapor.
Recommended Reading: Moisture requirements for organic fertilizer production equipment (see details below).
During repeated operations, odors, water vapor, high temperatures, and dust mix together. The water vapor generated in the fermentation chamber can cause the entire room to appear filled with a white mist. The odors and water vapor produced during fermentation decrease significantly after the completion of primary fermentation and essentially disappear by the time secondary fermentation is finished. However, as the moisture content in the compost decreases, dust generation increases. Consequently, during the repeated use of secondary fermentation facilities, both water vapor and dust are produced simultaneously.